The transverse electromagnetic (TEM) cells are used for electromagnetic interference/compatibility (EMI/EMC) experiments of the small RF devices in a laboratory environment. The standard electromagnetic fields generated in the shielded environment of a TEM cell can also be used for CALIBRATION of the RF field probes. In this paper, a 50 W open TEM cell is designed and fabricated to generate standard electromagnetic fields from 1 MHz up to 1 GHz. To overcome the impedance mismatch and improve the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) along the TEM cell, a new piecewise linear tapering method is proposed for the inner conductor of the cell. The resulted matching conditions of the new tapering method are presented through some numerical simulations and measurements and compared to those of the conventional simple linear tapering.

RF receive and transmit non-homogeneity is one of the most effective causes of image non-uniformity in MRI images and is considered as an important source of error in quantitative studies. Part of this non-homogeneity is a characteristic of RF coils and part of it, is due to the interaction of RF field with the body being imaged. In this study, RF field non-homogeneity of a volume head coil is measured in human brain (In vivo) as well as in water and oil phantoms, using a method which was proposed by this group formerly. Comparing the results shows that RF non-homogeneity in water phantom is more than its value in oil phantom. It was also shown that it was even more than its value in human brain In vivo conditions. Non uniformity pattern shows that in both In vivo and water phantom cases, standing wave effect is dominant under our experimental conditions which may cause over-estimating in real magnitudes of Rf non-homogeneity and imaging effective parameters, such that, should has been considered in designing of MRI related phantoms.      

In some point of view, neither Michel Foucault nor Ibn Khaldun are considered philosophers in the conventional classifications, but both are very  important in intellectual and, of course, in philosophical contexts, especially for those who are interested in the deep study of human life from the perspective of political thought.The main concern of two thinkers, one in the 14th century, the other in the 20th century, is the issue  of power, although neither of them provided a precise definition of it. In this article, an attempt has been made to show the place of power and domination in the political thought of both thinkers by examining the thoughts of two thinkers. And in search of an answer to this question, how did Asabiyyah and industry of religion in Ibn Khaldun's thought and social control through self-technology and discipline in Foucault's thought lead to the expansion of the domination of power? This article is written by analytically comparing the opinions of two thinkers based on Ibn Khaldun's most important book called Muqaddimah and Foucault's late works

In this research we fabricated different Cu-Ni nanoparticles in order to investigate their catalytical, magnetic and sensitivity of properties. Cu-Ni core–shell nanoparticles on carbon thin films were prepared by co-deposition of RF-sputtering and RF-PECVD. Samples containing Cu nanoparticle were grown on carbon substrate in attendance acetylene and then Ni layers with different thicknesses were grown over these Cu nanoparticles. Topography and atomic structure were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. XRD showed that Cu core nanocrystal and Ni shell nanocrystal were formed on these films. Average particle size of Cu nanoparticles that was estimated by Scherre and Wiliam-son formola were compared. AFM image had a good agreement with William-son results.

One of the most frequent rules in various areas of demonstrative jurisprudence of Two Major Sects of Islam religion is a rule that is known among Shīʿa as “tolerance in the evidence of traditions” (Arabic: التسامح فی أدلّة السنن) and in Sunnī as “latitudinarianism in documents” (Arabic: التساهل فی أسانید). Believers in the general application of this rule have based it for reasons such as consensus (Arabic: إجماع), tradition famous through practice (Arabic: الشهرة العملیّة), and rational judgement (intellectual judgement) and a group of aḥādīth (Arabic: أحادیث, plural form for ḥadīth, literally “talk” or “discourse”) called “Akhbar-e- Man Balagh” (Arabic: أخبار من بلغ). The understanding of the aforementioned narrations and the extent of application of this rule has caused a conflict of opinions among scholars. The narrations containing the excellences of suras of the Holy Book of Quran is one of the fields of application of the rule of tolerance. The present research has explained the types of exposure to this group of narrations based on the rule of tolerance by using descriptive-exploratory method and using library sources and seeks to find a suitable approach about narrations of the excellences of suras (chapters) of the Holy Book of Quran. The interaction with these narrations is organized based on a special reading of the rule of tolerance in the selected approach, which is based on a rational interpretation of the contents of Man-Balagh (Arabic: من بلغ)’s narrations and is compatible with the indications of some verses and traditions. The use of weak narrations containing the excellences of suras (chapters) will be permissible based on this approach considering three conditions and without any certainty of attributing these narrations to Sharʿ (Islamic rules).

How to profoundly change the beliefs of the polytheists during the age of revelation from the denial of the Prophet (pbuh) to the certainty of his Message and the acceptance of his full guardianship is a question worthy of attention. The order of verses about prophecy based on the order of revelation is the reason to lead a transformative process and a special Quranic method in institutionalizing the belief of prophecy in the lives of Arabs. In the first stage, the Holy Quran in the first Makkī (Arabic: المکّیّ, suras revealed in Mecca) chapters has prepared the community from the motivational side to accept the truth of the Prophet’s (pbuh) prophecy and briefly stating the key issues surrounding it. The Holy Book of Quran at the time of the emergence of oppositions and doubts (the second stage) destroyed the arguments of the polytheists and explained the prophecy and proved its authenticity from a cognitive perspective in the second stage by presenting clear arguments. and the Holy Book of Quran in the third stage after Madanī (Arabic: المدنیّ, suras revealed in Medina) period has undertaken measures in order to fulfill the goals of the Massage by explaining the true position of the Prophet (pbuh) to deepen and operationalize the Prophetic belief through explaining practical duties for the Prophet (pbuh) and behavior based on the acceptance of Walaya (Arabic: ولایة, meaning “guardianship” or “governance”).